(一)刷涂
(1) brush coating
刷涂是使用較早、較簡(jiǎn)單和較傳統(tǒng)的手工涂裝方法，操作方便、靈活，可涂裝任何形狀的物件，除干性快、流平性較差的涂料外，可適用于各種涂料。刷涂法可使涂料滲透金屬表面的細(xì)孔，加強(qiáng)涂膜對(duì)金屬的附著力。缺點(diǎn)是勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、工作效率低、涂布外觀欠佳。
Brushing is the earliest, simplest and most traditional manual painting method. It is easy to operate and flexible. It can be applied to all kinds of paints except those with fast drying and poor leveling. The brush coating can permeate the pores of the metal surface and enhance the adhesion of the coating to the metal. Disadvantages are labor intensity, low efficiency and poor coating appearance.
(二)刮涂
(two) scraping
刮涂是使用刮刀進(jìn)行涂裝的方法，用于黏度較高、100％固體含量的液態(tài)涂料的涂裝。刮涂作業(yè)涂膜的常見(jiàn)缺陷是開(kāi)裂、脫落、翻卷等，其涂膜的厚度也很難均勻。
Scraping is a method of using a scraper to coat liquid coatings with high viscosity and solid content. The common defects of the coating in scraping operation are cracking, shedding, rolling, etc. The thickness of the coating is also difficult to be uniform.
(三)浸涂
(three) dip coating
浸涂也是一種傳統(tǒng)的涂裝方法。該方法將被涂物浸沒(méi)在盛有涂料的槽液中，隨即取出，讓多余的涂料滴落回槽液中，或采用機(jī)械方法將多余的涂料甩落。該法溶劑損失較大，容易造成空氣污染，不適用于揮發(fā)性涂料，且涂膜的厚度不易均勻，一般用于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的器材或工件。
Dip coating is also a traditional coating method. The method immerses the coating in the bath containing the paint, and then takes it out to let the surplus paint drip back into the bath, or uses mechanical method to throw the surplus paint off. The solvent loss of this method is large and easy to cause air pollution. It is not suitable for volatile coatings, and the thickness of coatings is not uniform. It is generally used for equipment or workpieces with complex structure.
例如：在化工廠里，有些設(shè)備，如已組裝好的換熱器，由于內(nèi)部的列管不能進(jìn)行刷涂和噴涂，則可采用整體浸涂的方法施工。浸鍍鋁鋼管主要用作石油化學(xué)工業(yè)中的管式爐管、各種熱交換器管道、分餾塔管道等。
For example, in chemical plants, some equipments, such as assembled heat exchangers, can be constructed by integral dipping because the inner tubes can not be brushed and sprayed. Aluminum-dipped steel pipes are mainly used for tubular furnace pipes, heat exchanger pipes and fractionator pipes in petrochemical industry.
(四)淋涂
(four) drenching
淋涂是將涂料從噴嘴噴淋至被涂物表面，涂料經(jīng)過(guò)自上而下的流淌將被涂物表面完全覆蓋后形成涂膜的涂裝工藝工程。此法所用設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，比較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，操作簡(jiǎn)便、生產(chǎn)效率高，但涂膜不平整或覆蓋不完整．涂膜厚度不易均勻。淋涂比浸涂的溶劑消耗量大，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生安全和污染問(wèn)題。
Spraying is a process engineering in which paint is sprayed from nozzle to the surface of the coating, and the coating is completely covered by the surface of the coating through top-down flow. The equipment used in this method is simple, easy to realize mechanized production, easy to operate and high production efficiency, but the film is not uniform or covered incompletely, and the film thickness is not uniform. Larger consumption of solvent than dip coating will cause safety and pollution problems.
(五)噴涂
(five) spraying
噴涂是利用壓縮空氣在噴槍嘴產(chǎn)生的負(fù)壓將涂料容器中的涂料從涂料噴嘴噴出，并迅即進(jìn)入高速的壓縮空氣流，使涂料液一一氣相急劇擴(kuò)散，被分散為霧狀微粒射向被涂物，均勻涂布在表面。該法要求被噴涂的涂料黏度比較小。常在涂料中加入稀釋劑。噴涂法優(yōu)點(diǎn)是涂膜厚度均勻、外觀平整、生產(chǎn)效率高。缺點(diǎn)是材料的損耗遠(yuǎn)大于刷涂和淋涂等方法，且使用溶劑性涂料時(shí)會(huì)造成環(huán)境的污染。適用于各種涂料和各種被涂物，是使用較為廣泛的涂裝工藝。例如：化工生產(chǎn)中采用的噴鍍層，較為普遍的是在碳鋼上噴鍍鋁和鋅。鋅鍍層主要用于防止大氣和水腐蝕。鋁鍍層可用于含硫化合物的腐蝕環(huán)境，如含硫石油加工設(shè)備和橡膠硫化罐等。
Spraying is to use the negative pressure produced by compressed air in the nozzle of the gun to eject the paint from the nozzle of the paint container, and quickly enter the high-speed compressed air flow, so that the paint liquid one by one vapor phase diffuses rapidly, and is dispersed into foggy particles to shoot at the coated object, evenly coated on the surface. This method requires that the viscosity of the sprayed coating is relatively small. Diluent is often added to the coating. The advantage of the spraying method is that the film thickness is uniform, the appearance is smooth, and the production efficiency is high. The disadvantage is that the material loss is much greater than that of brushing and spraying methods, and the use of solvent coatings will cause environmental pollution. It is suitable for all kinds of coatings and various coating materials. It is the most widely used painting process. For example, the spray coating used in chemical production is commonly used to spray aluminum and zinc on carbon steel. Zinc coating is mainly used to prevent atmospheric and water corrosion. Aluminum plating can be used in the corrosive environment of sulfur compounds, such as sulfur-containing petroleum processing equipment and rubber vulcanization tanks.